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POETRY IN TRANSLATION (CCCLXXXVI): Adrian MUNTEANU (b. 1948-Brasov), ROMANIA – “Scriu un sonet. Deplină amăgire”, “The Sonnet – an Eternal Tease”

March 18th, 2016 · International Media, PEOPLE, Poetry, quotations, Translations

POETRY IN TRANSLATION (CCCLXXXVI): Adrian MUNTEANU (b. 1948-Brasov), ROMANIA – “Scriu un sonet. Deplină amăgire”, “The Sonnet – an Eternal Tease”

Adrian Munteanu - Poet

Adrian Munteanu – Poet

Adrian MUNTEANU
(b. 1948, Brasov)
Scriu un sonet. Deplină amăgire

Scriu un sonet. Deplină amăgire
Că prin canon mai liber mă voi face.
Dar sunt ce vreau, ce ştiu şi ce îmi place,
Modest cârpaci de vorbe şi iubire.

Un gând buimac într-un ungher îmi zace
Şi nu-i găsesc firava limpezire.
Mă prinde-n gestul lui de-mpotrivire
Şi mă aruncă-n lumile opace.

Trec voci cerşind cărarea neumblată,
Dar altele, urlând, ademenesc
Cu zarea lor etern împurpurată.

Când verbe-n cuget tainic mă sfinţesc,
Nu-mi amintesc de mine niciodată.
E semn profund că-ncep să mă trezesc.

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Adrian MUNTEANU
(b. 1948, Brasov)
“The Sonnet – an Eternal Tease”

I write a sonnet as a constant tease –
Its rules are there to liberate my dream,
To be myself and follow, as I seem
To play with empty words of love and ease.

My errand thoughts I cannot now redeem
And I can hardly hear their faintest pleas.
I can no longer fight and barely breath –
A hostage to the darkest, deadly scheme.

I hear the beggars on the heathen mud,
And others, calling to pursue their way,
To a horizon purple with the blood.

When sudden, godly words come to the fray,
I hardly can recall the tide, or flood…
This be the sign that I am born again.

Rendered in English by Constantin ROMAN,
© 2016 Copyright Constantin ROMAN, London

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POETRY IN TRANSLATION (CCCLXXXV): Pablo NERUDA (1904-1973), CHILE – “Ode to Age”, “Odă Bătrâneţii”

March 4th, 2016 · Books, Famous People, International Media, PEOPLE, Poetry, POLITICAL DETENTION / DISSENT, quotations, Translations

POETRY IN TRANSLATION (CCCLXXXV): Pablo NERUDA (1904-1973), CHILE – “Ode to Age”, “Odă Bătrâneţii”

pablo neruda

Ode to Age
Pablo Neruda (1904-1973)

I don’t believe in age.
All old people
carry
in their eyes,
a child,
and children,
at times
observe us with the
eyes of wise ancients.
Shall we measure
life
in meters or kilometers
or months?
How far since you were born?
How long
must you wander
until
like all men

instead of walking on its surface
we rest below the earth?

To the man, to the woman
who utilized their
energies, goodness, strength,
anger, love, tenderness,
to those who truly
alive
flowered,
and in their sensuality matured,
let us not apply
the measure
of a time
that may be
something else, a mineral
mantle, a solar
bird, a flower,
something, maybe,
but not a measure.

Time, metal
or bird, long
petiolate flower,
stretch
through
man’s life,
shower him
with blossoms
and with
bright
water
or with hidden sun.
I proclaim you
road,
not shroud,
a pristine
ladder
with treads
of air,
a suit lovingly
renewed
through springtimes
around the world.

Now,
time, I roll you up,
I deposit you in my
bait box
and I am off to fish
with your long line
the fishes of the dawn!

translated from the Spanish by Margaret Sayers Peden

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Neruda Sonnets

Neruda Sonnets

Odă Bătrâneţii
Pablo Neruda (1904-1973)

Nu cred in vârstă.
Toţi bătrânii
poartă
în ochii lor
un copil,
iar copiii,
uneori,
ne privesc
cu ochii înţelepţilor de demult.
Oare, vom măsura
viaţa
în metri, kilometri,
sau luni?
Oare cât timp a trecut de când ne-am născut?
Cât de departe
trebuie să mai hălăduim
până când,
la fel ca toţi oamenii,
în loc să mergem deasupra
ne vom odihni sub ţărână?
Bărbatului – femeii
folosind împreună
energia, bunătatea, puterea,
mânia, iubirea, tandreţea,
acelora care într’adevăr,
plini de viaţă,
au înflorit,
iar sensualitatea lor s-a maturizat,
să nu le aplicăm
măsura
unui veac,
care poate ar fi
ceva diferit: manta
minerală, pasăre
solară, floare,
altceva, poate,
dar nu o măsură!
Timp, metal,
sau pasăre, floare
cu peţiola lungă,
să creşti
de-alungul
vieţii omului,
stropeşte-l
cu flori
şi cu
apă
sclipindă,
sau cu soare nevăzut.
Te proclam
cale, şi nu giulgiu,
scară
imaculată,
cu trepte
de văzduh,
manta reinnoită
cu dragoste
de-a lungul primăverilor
lumii întregi.
Acum a sosit
timpul să te înfăşor,
să te pun în
cursă
si să pescuiesc
cu undiţa ta lungă
peştii zorilor.

Rendered in Romanian by Constantin ROMAN, London
Copyright Constantin ROMAN, Londra

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BOOK REVIEW: A Romanian close encounter – “The Romanian – Story of an Obsession

February 27th, 2016 · Books, Diary, International Media, PEOPLE, Reviews

BOOK REVIEW: A Romanian close encounter by Constantin ROMAN

The Romanian - Book Review This Review of The Romanian: Story of an Obsession (Paperback) by Bruce Benderson
Benderson is a winner of the prestigious French literary Prize “Le Prix de Flore”, whose name is given after the famous Literary Cafe on Boulevard St Germain, Paris 6e. He is a fifty-something New Yorker, known in France for his English translations of French literature.
This book, as suggested by the title is about a particular young Romanian whom the author meets accidentally in the streets of Budapest (Hungary) and with whom he strikes a close friendship. They travel together to Romania – first to Transylvania (Sibiu, Maramures), Bucharest and then Constanta, on the Black Sea. This allows the reader a glimpse of Romanian society and mentality during the first decade of the 21st century.
The narrative is interspersed with historical and literary references of interwar Romania of Queen Marie, King Carol and Madame Lupescu, but also of characters from the novels of Panait Istrati and occasionally forays into the author’s domestic life, in New York, with his aged mother. These digressions make the story a little disjointed.

Not all Romanian readers will enjoy this book, which grates by its candid and often opinionated outsider’s perspective. In spite of this, “The Romanian” is an eye-opener on recent history of a society in turmoil, which finds it hard to adapt after 40 years of communist dictatorship: who wouldn’t?

There are also the occasional hilarious interlude, such as the one at the Romanian Cultural Centre in New York. Here, the Institute’s Director, Carmen Firan is a former protege of ex-President Ion Iliescu and Benderson describes her as “an intellectual”(sic) – a matter of opinion on which the jury is still out. Benderson also mentions a meeting organized in NY where Firan’s choice guest is a certain Nina Cassian. In Romania, Cassian is still remembered as an ex-communist sycophant but in spite of it, in New York the subject is repackaged as a “dissident” (and how!).

Cassian was a poet who, during four long decades of communism enjoyed unashamedly, the spoils of the dictatorship. During her extended honeymoon with the Romanian Communist censorship Cassian published several dozens of volumes of her grotesque poetry, before she absconded to USA, in the late 1980s. Bruce finds her in NY where she is hailed as a linchpin of Romanian culture…. now we know where are the real sympathies of the Romanian Cultural Centre: well – birds of a feather!

A literary critic of “Le Monde” who is quoted on the front cover of this book states that:

“what astonishes and intrigues is Benderson’s way of recounting in the sweetest possible voice, things which are considered shocking… ”

If the French are “shocked”, then the Romanians would certainly be outraged, not by the lack of prudery, as by the fresco of the Romanian society of motley pimps, hustlers, prostitutes, bureaucrats, hangers-on, desperate people and the whole gamut of poor destitute of all ages, social background and ethnic origin, neither of whom come out too well, in the end: TOUGH!

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NOT WITHOUT MY BOPPA: “Big Tits” – The Story of a Girl’s Private Education in Switzerland

February 26th, 2016 · Books, Diary, Education, Not without my Boppa, PEOPLE, Short Stories & Cameos

NOT WITHOUT MY BOPPA: “Big Tits” – The Story of a Girl’s Private Education in Switzerland

Lake Geneva

Lake Geneva

From the outset, may I apologize to you, dear Reader: this is neither an essay on the Ornithology of certain singing birds: it is rather, as such slang word may suggest an unusual story about mammary glands, that often make the object of voyeurism.
Please do not be disappointed, dear Reader, if I tell you that the matter is far more serious than that: this particular piece has to do with a subject of public concern, whether, enforcing political correctness, fighting sexism and above all protecting one’s daughters, especially those of pubertal age, of pressure exerted on them by certain male teachers without any scruples!

swiss buck Well, yes, I hope I made my intentions clear from the outset: this little discourse has to do with the propriety of Education of beautiful, if impressionable, young ladies, ensconced in cloistered education establishments, of the Swiss Alps. The inevitable happens, whilst in the upper form (and who could blame them?), when, all of a sudden, daughters discover the development of certain physical attributes, which, somehow, attract the attention of the opposite sex. Such males would range in age from the younger, gauche and inexperienced hopefuls, full of testosterones, all the way to over-the-hill bucks, with short horns and still having one, or two, spare hormones to spend. These buck specimens may differ from each other a great deal, but make no mistake, what they all have in common is a predatory streak.

It’s all very unsettling, indeed, for any Father of such ingénues, trying to control the proceedings by proxi, that is from England to Switzerland. Finally, in order to avoid sleepless nights, one would have to concede some element of trust of the school in question, exercising common sense and especially enforcing strict rules, not to allow for any surprises….
Once in a while, a parental visit during one of those grand PR events, which the School is so good to stage-manage, such as an ‘Open Day’, or a Parents-Teachers Meeting, gives one some much-needed reassurance, that “all is well in the best of the worlds”!
And why should it not be, when the fees of this boarding school near Montreux, nestled in the midst of the most delightful landscapes, overlooking Lake Geneva, on one side and the Swiss Alps on the other side, not ensure an impeccable education? After all this establishment has an excellent track record AND, in the bargain, a long history tradition behind it, with impressive results, all in one? Who would complain, especially when the student-to-teacher ratio is so invidious? AN example in point is the Spanish class, with only two students for one teacher! which brings me to the object of my story: that is to say, to…. “Big Tits”!

images-1 But before I will go into, what may sound, a salacious subject, let me give you some background details: I was called to this very important annual meeting of parents-teachers, to find out about the crucial projections of my daughter’s final results, which would have secured for her a place at a good university in England. I came with high expectations, tinged by a certain trepidation, because I had not seen my beloved daughter for quite a few weeks and that I wanted to make sure that everything regarding her education was on track: here we were buying ‘quality’ in a very pleasant environment and a commensurate high price, albeit three times higher than any private school in England and by American standards, certainly comparable to the fees of foreign students at Harvard, or any ivy university. Besides, it was opening a big window onto the world – the students came from many a West European family, each with a story of success and the whole outfit was stimulating. I allowed for a few extra days to spend in Montreux, a short distance from School, to get to talk more with daughter, to ask some of her friends and friends’ parents to dinner, to revisit the school and talk to the Head Mistress, to heads of Studies and to the teachers, all with notes and tables in hand, giving the good news one expected.

Daughter, who had, what they called a ‘real talent’ for languages, took for her Majors English, French, Spanish and Economics. Don’t ask me why Economics: I seem to remember because she was of an impressionable age, when she took a fancy to this Hollywood sequence of movies on the World of Finance: “Dynasty” and “Dallas” – what a to-do! These movies had an unexpected impact as they made her think that Economics might open her the right doors to Corporate Banking and Glamour – one must not forget! In retrospect may this teenage girl be forgiven, as we speak about the ‘80s, long before the huge domino effect of financial bankruptcies, during which more decent culprits committed suicide, whilst the less decent ones rode into the sunset of financial despair and oblivion, in the process dragging along with them a few politicians and scores of investment aficionados…

Best of Spain

Costa del Pain

Back to the story of our delightful school, I was not there to be awkward, or to ask any aggressive questions: I was there to absorb the facts! I met the Mother of the other student with whom daughter shared the Spanish class – just two students to one teacher ratio: how could I complain? It could not have been better! Still, I found it somewhat unusual not to see that a Castilian native ought to have taught the language, rather than an Anglo-Saxon, teaching Spanish! But I was happy to give the fellow the benefit of the doubt, as I was reassured that he was ‘fluent’ (it was a language that I did not speak and could not double-check myself) and, most interestingly, this teacher, i was reassured had as an additional feather in his cap, the fact that he was the ‘owner of a cottage in Spain’… as if being the owner of a shack on some ‘Costa del Pain’ vouched for the greatest refinements of linguistic diligence!
chantilly I shrug my shoulders and said nothing, but I did inquire with the Mother of the other student, with whom daughter shared the Spanish class: this was an English lady resident in France, just outside Paris, at Chantilly, a place renowned for racing horses, where her husband was having stables and was a neighbor of breeders, such as Aga Khan, and where the Count of Paris, the Princes de Broglie and other royal and aristocratic families had their chateaux. We got on well and although I did not come anywhere near to horses, myself, since my early days when I rode a pony in the grounds of the Royal castle of Sinaia in the Carpathians, daughter was an accomplished rider and her grandfather bred horses in Ireland. When we met at this Swiss boarding school I conversed in French to this parent and reminisced about common acquaintances in Chantilly. So, in the end we exchanged visiting cards and promised to stay in touch, to consult, if need be, on educational matters of common interest. As it happened, one could not have done it too soon, as the opportunity arose out of the blue, and it fell on this Father like a thunder bolt:

– ‘You know?’, daughter told me, half incredulously and half bemused, ‘you know, Pa’ and then she paused…
– ‘Well, how shall I put it, to you, Pa? When we entered class, the other day, the Spanish teacher had already marked in chalk, on the black board, in English, that is, “BIG TITS”, in capital letters
– ‘Big Tits? I asked, ‘What on earth for? It can’t be! Are you serious?’
– ‘Yes I am, I saw it! We both saw it, Catherine and I. We looked at each other and laughed. It was embarrassing!’
– ‘Of course it was!’

I could hardly do anything on the spot, as daughter kept this bombshell to the end of my stay in Switzerland, like the icing on a cake and shortly I would have had to catch a flight back to England. On hearing these news, I took a breath in and asked myself, why spoil such a nice stay, as one could not discuss this issue, properly?
Nonetheless, I can assure you, this was precisely when my sleepless nights started. I was brooding over an effective strategy, some kind of a convincing and well-structured letter, intended for the School Mistress and causing the Spanish teacher to be removed at once! But how? We only had 50% of the votes in class and I had better made common cause with Catherine’s mother to start the Crusade together.
I rang her the following day:

– ‘How nice to have met you!’
– ‘Yes, it was most enjoyable to talk about so many friends!’
– ‘And about the races at Chantilly, too!’ I added, not knowing much about the subject.
– ‘Now’, I said in a conspiratorial voice, ‘I must take you in my confidence!’ Have you seen the Spanish teacher? What impression he made on you?’
– ‘Well’, she said, prudently, ‘he is not one of my favourites, but at least he does his job well, I hope.’
– ‘Why? Do you speak Spanish?’
– ‘No, I don’t, but the school has its reputation at stake.’
– ‘Precisely’, I retorted, grateful for the opening:
– ‘This is exactly what I was going to consult you about, in greatest confidence, I added for dramatic impact.
– ‘Have you heard of what goes on in the Spanish class? Did Catherine tell you anything about it?’
– ‘No, she did not!’
– ‘Well, I could tell you, if you would forgive my vernacular English:
– ‘….’
– ‘As the girls entered class, last week, what did they see, written in English, on the blackboard?’ I paused for a greater effect, then I gave the answer.
– ‘They saw written “BIG TITS”… in capital letters…’
– ‘But this is serious!’ she conceded, as the news sank in.
– ‘Yes it is and you better ring your daughter to find out more on the subject and then we should consult again, soon after, to see what concerted action we might take regarding this rogue teacher’.

We spoke a few days later: this time she rang me from France. In the meantime I rang daughter in Switzerland, to make sure that I got the facts right. I was determined to have this man removed, to restore my peace of mind and protect daughter from a sexual predator, within the very precincts of a reputable International boarding school.

– ‘So, did you speak to Catherine?’
– ‘Yes I did and you were right: it is quite appalling!’
– ‘And unacceptable: we must have him removed, at once!’ to which I added:

Wacky

“Wacky’ and “Big Tits” go together

– ‘I spoke further to Giselle and she tells me that on occasions, he asks girls to afternoon tea, at a nearby hotel and plies them with cocktails. He should not be doing that! It’s against the law and these girls ought to be protected. He seems to see that all this is “WACKY”! Do you know what “wacky” means? Because I never heard such word before!
– ‘No’ she said, ‘I must admit, I never heard such word either!’
– It seems to me, whatever it may be, that “wacky’ and “big tits” go together in this man’s mind. He also happens to be married to another member of the staff, who is the Head of Modern languages department: it will be a sensitive issue for her, because she could hardly be expected to sack her own husband for misdemeanor.’
– ‘I understand, but this will be a matter for the Head Mistress and for the School Governor’.

I spoke to the Head Mistress, before I sent the missile in her direction. She did her little inquiry and saw that everything was done according to rules AND especially according to Swiss employment Laws, to avoid any potential ‘unpleasantness over claims for unfair dismissal’.
In the process, I found out that “Big Tits”, as I came to call him, was half the age of his wife and that he was trying to redirect his marital frustrations to pubescent girls, in exclusive schools.

True to tradition, as we were in the Swiss Alps, the story snowballed, as it were, causing a mini-avalanche, or snow storm, as both: “Big Tits” AND his wife resigned… This was made possible following some financial inducement from the school, to make them depart quietly, on the basis that ‘no further action was to be taken’ against him. After all, who wants a fuss over this, anyway?

Eventually, daughter finished school and got her projected three ‘A’s in languages and, unsurprisingly, she just scraped, at the limit, with an “E” for Economics… better than an “F” for French or an ”S” for Spanish, I thought to myself… Yet, in all fairness, these were languages that this Father insisted that all his children should add to their belts from an early childhood and whatever fluency they acquired, this was due to extracurricular private language tuition: Spanish in Madrid and French in Paris.

So, this is how, following this happy conclusion brokered by the School, this fee-paying Father regained his good sleep, but, as it turned out not for long, which is another story!

Swiss cheese

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Constantin ROMAN – Book Review: Orwell behind the Iron Curtain

February 26th, 2016 · Books, Communist Prisons, Diary, Famous People, History, International Media, OPINION, PEOPLE, quotations, Reviews

Constantin ROMAN – Book Review: Orwell behind the Iron Curtain

Orwell's Diaries in Samizdat (Romania)

Orwell’s Diaries in Samizdat (Romania)

I bought Orwell’s Diaries thinking that I could glean more information about his philosophical conversion from Spanish Republicanism to what had become later a lucid critic of left-wing dictatorship. It appears, sadly that two notebooks of diaries covering the Spanish Civil War have made their way into the archives of the NKVD (The Soviet Secret police) and are under lock and key to this day.
Clearly even after his demise Orwell’s writings are considered by some still seditious.

I came across the works of Orwell, oddly enough behind the Iron Curtain in Romania, as a teenager enduring the harsh neo-Stalinist dictatorship of Gheorghiu-Dej, the national-communist predecessor of Nicolae Ceausescu.

Orwell "1984" This was no mean feat and a curious one at that: The classic '1984

Orwell “1984” novel in Samizdat

ORWELL’s book was translated in french and serialised by the French weekly “Paris Match”. During the Cold War “Paris Match”, like all Western publications, was embargoed in Romania, under severe censorship restrictions. However, by a miracle, my private French teacher in Bucharest, had access to Orwell’s Diaries. This lady was Margot EFTIMIU, daughter of Matei Draghiceanu (1844-1939) and a Fellow of the Romanian Academy. Margot had a former servant who was a cleaner-maid at the French Embassy in Bucharest and, without doubt, a secret service agent. This woman, who was barely literate, spoke no french and brought home these magazines merely because she found the illustrations attractive. Margot, my private French language teacher, was a cultivated lady from the former Romanian aristocracy, educated at Vevay, at a ladies boarding school in Switzerland and fell on hard times after being expropriated by the Communist regime. She borrowed these magazines and transcribed by hand the whole of Orwell’s 1984 novel – no mean feat and a labor of love. I had the privilege of being lent these notebooks when I was just 15 years of age, and found the reading fascinating. As a teenager, during the dire Stalinist years I identified myself perfectly well with the character of Orwell’s book and with the whole atmosphere described by the author, as one which we were experiencing in Romania under a communist dictatorship.
Father, upon discovering my “illicit” reading begged of me to return the manuscript forthwith because had we been denounced and found out, or if for any reason our house was searched we would have ended up in prison for reading “seditious literature”!
Romania queuing for food under Communism: everything was exported to the Soviet Union for peanuts

Romania queuing for food under Communism: everything was exported to the Soviet Union for peanuts


In retrospect I still think that hardly any Western author, and more so after the WWII, had the clear vision comparable to that of George Orwell, especially when considering those fellow-travelers and assorted “useful idiots”, who were eulogising the Soviet dictatorship, in spite of irrefutable evidence to the contrary.

This edition of Diaries shed a fresh light on George Orwell, on his private life, as much as on his national and international political observations. They are replete with useful details for the historian, political analyst, or academic, but not only – as it offers a fresh angle on the troubled History of Europe for nearly two decades of the 1930s and 1940s. There are nuggets of information which explain better the rationale behind our fathers and grandfathers political options, than what we were conditioned to believe from school books or “politically correct” textbooks: all in all – a riveting read which I strongly recommend.

NOTE: This review is from: Diaries 1931- 1949 (sourced from ten original diary notebooks)
(Hardcover)
Edited by Peter Davison, Publ: Harvil Secker
ISBN 9781846553295

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Constantin ROMAN’s Book Review: “Bread, Salt & Plum Brandy” by Lisa Fisher Cazacu

February 26th, 2016 · Books, Diaspora, OPINION, PEOPLE, Reviews

Constantin ROMAN’s Book Review: “Bread, Salt & Plum Brandy” by Lisa Fisher Cazacu

Book Review Cazacu I bought this book after finishing William Blacker‘s “Along the Enchanted Way” – the two accounts of Romania (roughly contemporaneous) could not be more different from each other, like chalk and cheese and reading it came as a shock! Please do not get me wrong, one does need shock therapy in order to take a harder look at ourselves and see how one could improve one’s own lot: according to Lisa Fisher Cazacu there is still a lot to be done about it and I believe her.

This is as straight as you could get it – an unadulterated, uncosmeticised account of Real Romania, ten years after the fall of Communism. Its title, “Bread, Salt & Plum Brandy” alludes to the tradition of hospitality in offering a symbolic piece of bread with a pinch of salt as a welcoming gesture to a visiting stranger. As for the plum-brandy bit this is the national liquor, which accompanies merry-making and the author had an ample taste of both. But who is this young gutsy lady who threw herself in the turmoil of working as a American Peace Corps volunteer, on an assignment to this God-forsaken port on the Lower Danube? This is the nearest to the Balkans as you can get! Well, she is a buoyant, enthusiastic Texan who is ready to fore go her “TexMex” food, her Pizza Margaritas and her Starbuck coffees: oh how she misses all these, but then she made a stick to beat herself with) in order to do good and improve the lot of poor Romanian youth. Nothing wrong with this, quite the contrary: this is very commendable, except that Romanians are not used to altruism and suspect poor Lisa of some ulterior motives!
– May be she is an American spy, trying to steal Romanian secrets?
– What secrets?
These, the reader will soon be cognizant of!
By reading this candid account which often dissolves into hilarious scenes of the “Theatre of the Absurd”. But I am not going to spoil the potential readers pleasure of discovering for themselves the funny side of this clash of cultures. And clash there is and plenty of it, but Lisa is not going to be easily defeated: better still, in the process she gains TWO `pluses’, not one:

Giurgiu, Romania

Giurgiu, Romania

FIRSTLY she comes to realize the true blessing of being born in a country where public services function properly and are taken for granted:
– “what, no bus service to take children to school? What, no compulsion by RomTelecom the national telephone company to fix the fault on Lisa’s line at a weekend?”
– Who needs a phone, anyway?

The list of Ubuesque mishaps is endless and a great eye-opener both for the reader who could not imagine it and for the natives who got used to and put up with it for far too long!

But, thankfully, not all natives: for Romania is experiencing a brain drain of unprecedented scale and not just brains but muscles too – Romanians emigrate in droves to get away from the quagmire of corrupt officialdom – in the last two decades more than two millions mostly young able-bodied people have voted with their feet and left their country, not in good cheer, but in despair …

One of the statistics is Lisa’s Romanian husband and this is the SECOND `plus’ I had in mind as a benefit of Lisa’s Romanian experience: for this rumbustious and unflappable young lady would not allow her unpleasant experiences tarnish her romance with a dashing Mr. Cazacu. They get married and beat the bureaucracy at its game (o yes, even the American bureaucracy because we learn that there is some…) to live “happy ever after” in Texas!

Who needs a better happy-ending than this? in fact, on reflection, there are bits in this account to please each and all readers. I for one, after overcoming the initial shock, I enjoyed this brave story in spite of its stark comments, or perhaps because of it. Thank you Lisa!

NOTE: GIURGIU, the Danube port where Lisa Fisher Cazacu was posted.
For a “feel” of other travelers accounts of the river Danube (1800-1940) see our other article:
“Romantic Travels on the Lower Danube (1800 – 1940)”

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NOT WITHOUT MY BOPPA – The Acid Test: an Interview at Horsted Place

February 24th, 2016 · Books, Diary, International Media, Not without my Boppa, PEOPLE, Short Stories & Cameos

NOT WITHOUT MY BOPPA – The Acid Test: an Interview at Horsted Place

Horsted Place, Sussex

Horsted Place, Sussex

Daughter usually invited her potential hopefuls for an informal inspection by her father at the family home, some 50 miles south of London. But on this occasion she insisted that I viewed the young man, not at home, but at a nearby country hotel. The venue was Horsted Place, in Sussex, an elegant historic manor house, where, in its heyday, the young Queen Elizabeth II was entertained by the Neville family. Now this wonderful Victorian Tudor pile is a country hotel, favoured by Glyndebourne opera patrons. This immensely elegant place, with highly-trained chefs and waiters is offering an impeccable service. I agreed to meet the young hopeful at Horsted Place and asked him to tea.
Lamborghini Little that he knew that on the narrow country roads he had to allow from London a good two hours to negotiate 50 miles. To make things worse, during harvest time traffic formed long queues behind local farmer’s tractors and combine harvesters. Our guest might have made it quicker on a bike, or even on donkey, than in a Porsche. Understandably, by the time he arrived his engine (and himself) was overheated and he was puffing and huffing like a vintage steam engine. On seeing the father of his date being present, his spirit sank instantly, yet to start with he put on a brave face. He tried to impress me that he had a ‘responsible position in an attorney’s office in London’, but it was clear, from the outset, that he had a junior position and that he was attempting to make up a story.

Eventually, he lost the plot and he did what he knew best, to leer at my daughter – not in any discreet manner, I daresay, but

...he did what he knew to do best, namely to leer at my daughter – not in any discreet manner...

…he did what he knew to do best, namely to leer at my daughter – not in any discreet manner…

blatantly, scanning up and down her legs, as if she was a piece of meat on the rack of some exotic butcher’s shop. I found the manner outright unacceptable and inquired if he had:

– … any sister that might have boyfriends and what his attitude was towards them?

I found his answer conservative, yet at the opposite end of what he was doing in practice, that was looking at daughter’s legs persistently, as if she was HIS property…
Eventually, he could not hold back anymore and in a moment of ill-judged inspiration ventured to ask:

– Are you always present when your daughter meets a young man?

To me, this was a God-sent closing line, as I reassured him, in no uncertain terms:

– Not only am I always present when daughter has a date, but you have only five minutes left, before another young man is coming to be interviewed…

He gasped in disbelief… Daughter knew that there was trouble in the air, because she never, ever before, heard me react in this manner…

I got up, signalling that the interview was over, upon which he revved his engine and departed for another two-hours journey, on the small country lanes of rural England, mercifully, never to be seen again.

...he departed for another two-hours journey, on the small country lanes of rural England, mercifully, never to be seen again.

…he departed for another two-hours journey, on the small country lanes of rural England, mercifully, never to be seen again.

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Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, „Rinocerizarea” criteriului biografic la un istoric dilematic

February 23rd, 2016 · Communist Prisons, Diary, Famous People, History, International Media, OPINION, PEOPLE, POLITICAL DETENTION / DISSENT, quotations

Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, „Rinocerizarea” criteriului biografic la un istoric dilematic 

Motto: „Gnosticism is a type of thinking that claims absolute cognitive mastery of reality […]. In marxism (its immanentizing form) gnosticism considers its knowledge not subject of criticism, relying (as it does) on a claim to gnosis, a special gift of a spiritual and cognitive elite”. (Eric Voegelin, Politics and Gnosticism).

Dna Isabela VASILIU-SCRABA  http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_Vasiliu-Scraba

Dna Isabela VASILIU-SCRABA http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_Vasiliu-Scraba

„Rinocerizarea” devine posibilă după „cucerirea puterii prin modificarea mentalității, grație hegemoniei ideologice veșnic atentă ca cele spuse și publicate să nu-i fie defavorabile (vezi Ion Varlam, Pseudoromânia. Conspirarea deconspirării, București, Ed. Vog, 2004, p.68). În formule periodic schimbate, ea perpetuează teroarea ideologică marxistă din vremea când era absolut interzis a se vorbi în public despre martirii închisorilor comuniste (vezi Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, Moartea martirică a Sfântului Arsenie Boca) și despre milioanele de români întemnițați politic după 23 august 1944 (vezi Monumentul victimelor comunismului din Elveția, la Chene Bours, aproape de Geneva).
În 2008 „rinocerizarea” criteriului biografic s-a putut constata la un istoric recenzând Scrisorile din București, 1944-1946 trimise de Eric Tappe (1910-1992). Intr-un articol din „Dilema Veche” (Nr. 211/ 2008), Andrei Pippidi amintește relațiile englezului Tappe cu istorici de prestigiu, de exemplu cu generalul Radu Rosetti (trimis după gratii, asemenea nepotului său Ion Varlam), cu arheologul Ion Nestor (1905-1974), director al Muzeului Național de Antichități – devenit din 1956 Institutul de Arheologie al Academiei-, și cu Marioara Golescu (despre caietele ei aflate în arhiva Institutului de Istoria Artei „George Oprescu” din București vezi articolul din 16 mai 2013 scris de S. M. Barutcieff și Cristina Bogdan).
„Medievalistă de mare cultură și cu o minte fermecătoare, pasionată de istorie și de arheologie” (Dan Romalo, Cronica getă pe plăci de plumb, Ed. Alcor, București, 2005, p.19, http://www.isabelavs.go.ro/Articole/dan_romalo2.htm ), Maria Golescu (1897-1987) a avut inspirația de a salva prin fotografiere multe din Tăblițele de la Sinaia aflate după război în subsolul Muzeului Național de Antichități, reproduceri pe plăci de plumb făcute dispărute în comunism și post-comunism (vezi Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, Un ziarist, o filoloagă și o carte bombă: Cronica geto-dacă de pe Tăblițele de la Sinaia, în rev. „Oglinda literară”, Focșani, Nr. 76/ 2008, p.3382).
Lumea bună a intelectualității interbelice din care făcea parte Maria Golescu îi reține îndelung atenția fostului comunist Andrei Pippidi preocupat să nu uite în articolul său dilematic și de amănunte gastronomice, precum gustul roșiilor românești de care Tape scria prin epistolele sale că sînt mult mai bune decât roșiile occidentale.
Scolit în Anglia (la Oxford) pe vremea în care numai privilegiații regimului (de teroare polițistă susținând teroarea ideologică, apud. Mircea Eliade) puteau trece cu burse dincolo de Cortina de fier, recenzentul născut în 1948 omite însă a informa cititorul „Dilemei vechi” despre arestările istoricilor care-l impresionaseră pe Eric Tappe, specialist în limba română la Universitatea din Londra, fost elev al profesorului Grigore Nandriș de la Londra (fratele memorialistei Anița Nandriș Cudla deportată de sovietici de la Cernăuți în Siberia pentru 20 de ani).
Rinocerizarea istoricilor comuniști a împiedicat timp îndelungat scoaterea la lumină a unor date istorice privitoare la uciderea după gratii, la întemnițarea și deportarea a 4 milioane de români între 1945 și 1989 (cifră a Raportului Helsinki din 1992, menționată de Magda Ursache în „Bulevarde de cenzură”). Cicerone Ionițoiu povestea că foștii deținuți erau obligați (sub amenințarea că vor „suporta rigorile legiilor din Republica Populară Română”) să semneze că nu vor spune nimic din ce au pătimit si au văzut în temnițe. Fostul deținut Ion Eremia, care făcuse fără vină 15 ani de temniță grea, a scris următoarele:

„în baza cărei legi îmi cereți să nu vorbesc despre ce am văzut și auzit în închisori? Vă este frică să nu spun mârșăviile pe care le-ați făcut? Voi spune tot.” (C. I.).

Prin inerția vremurilor de teroare ideologică sesizabilă la capitolul istoriei închisorilor comuniste (1), prezentatorul volumului Scrisori din București a „uitat” în 2008 să menționeze temnița politică făcută fără nici o vină de exact acele personalități care-l impresionaseră pe Eric Tappe în anii șederii sale de la sfârșitul anului 1944 până în 1948 la Misiunea Militară Britanică din București.
Despre detenția Mariei Golescu, condamnată la 20 de ani de muncă silnică (nu 16 ani cum apare în Enciclopedia României on-line după George Marcu (coordonator al Enciclopediei personalităților feminine din România, București, Ed. Meronia, 2012), aflăm de la scriitoarea Aspazia Oțel Petrescu (fostă studentă a lui Lucian Blaga) povestind în două pagini antologice cum a salvat-o Marioara Golescu după înghețul pe timp de iarnă la izolator.
Iată pasajul despre Maria Golescu din cartea scriitoarei ajutată să scape de „repatrierea” în URSS de mama eseistului Marin Tarangul (1938-2010), care-i fusese profesoară la Liceul de fete din Cernăuți. Tânăra Aspazia ajunsese înghețată tun în „camera secretului mare” unde condamnatele aveau pedepse mari:

„Văzând că picioarele mele refuză să-și revină, domnișoara Marioara Golescu m-a chemat pe patul dânsei, mi-a desfășurat picioarele din tot felul de șosete cu care au fost îmbrăcate, doar, doar se vor încălzi și așa goale, le-a aplicat direct pe epigastrul său, locul cel mai cald al corpului omenesc. Nu puteam să le retrag deoarece domnișoara le ținea stâns înlănțuite și ca să nu mă întind la o polemică pe linia sacrificiului ce-l făcea, a început să-mi povestească un episod din viața sa, cu adevărat extrem de interesant. Vocea ei plăcută, cu timbru grav, ne-a dus în însorita Italie, la braț cu Charles Diehl, reputatul bizantinolog, într-o discuție privitoare la primele mânăstiri creștine din acea țară, discuție polemică pe care dânsa avea s-o câștige. Mă întrebam cum putea să suporte sloiurile de ghiață ale picioarelor mele când într-o cameră neîncălzită într-o iarnă haină păstrarea căldurii propriului corp era o problemă. Simțeam cum, în schimbul căldurii ce mi-o ceda primea fiori de ghiață care îi dădeau un frison ușor. Cu mâna ei bolnavă. în timp ce povestea, îmi masa ușor picioarele pentru ca trecerea la starea normală să fie mai puțin dureroasă. Și astfel, încet, încet a reușit să-mi dezmorțească sloiurile de gheață și să-mi aducă picioarele la o stare normală. Eu eram foarte mândră că eram nepoata bunicilor mei, unul fost căpitan de răzeși sub Soroca Nistrului, celălalt fost plăieș vornic în Cotenii de sub Cernăuți… Cât de mândră trebuie să fie domnișoara Mărioara Golescu de strămoșii ei, această voevodală prințesă valahă (căci Goleștii una sînt cu Basarabii) și cât de vrednică era de ei, căci pe un câmp de luptă diferit de acela pe care luptaseră ei nu a pregetat să încălzească la sânul ei plebeenele mele picioare”
(Aspazia Oțel Petrescu, Strigat-am către tine, Doamne, Ed. Platytera, 2008, pp.233-235).

In cazul Mariei Golescu (specialistă care studiase mult în străinătate) arestată la 53 de ani de agenții Moscovei(2) dirijând din 1948 Securitatea, „uituceala” dilematicului recenzent al Scrisorilor din București (Ed. Limes, Cluj-Napoca, 2006) este cu atât mai semnificativă, cu cât nobila specialistă în artă bisericească, „poliglotă și plină de înțelepciune” (apud. Aspazia Oțel Petrescu) făcuse anii de temniță comunistă pentru „vina” de a-l fi cunoscut și a fi corespondat cu britanicul Eric Tappe, așa-zisă „vină” care le-a dat prilej agenților Moscovei să-i confecționeze acuzația de „spioană britanică” și s-o condamne pentru „înaltă trădare de patrie”. Corespondența dintre Eric Tappe și Maria Golescu (din perioada 1946-1979) se află în arhiva School of Slavonic and Est European Studies, Tappe Collection. Supraviețuind regimului de exterminare din închisorile politice, Maria Golescu a ajuns în Anglia „cumpărată” cu 4500 de lire sterline la începutul deceniului șase probabil prin același personaj Jakober prin care Ion Rațiu și alți români din exil negociau cumpărarea filozofului Noica. Prețul cumpărării lui Constantin Noica prin acel Jakober, „traficant de vieți umane și reprezentant al intereselor românești în domeniul cerealelor” (vezi Ion Rațiu, Cine mă cunoaște în țară așa cum sunt?, București, Ed. „Progresul Românesc”, 1991, p.92), ar fi fost de 3000 lire sterline, din care Mircea Eliade ar fi dat 500 de dolari. Noica urma să ajungă „în Apus prin luna mai 1962” (apud. Ion Rațiu, op. cit). Cum bine se stie, Noica a ieșit din temniță abia în 1964. După un an de „somaj” obligatoriu (fiindu-i refuzată încadrarea la Institutul de filozofie) a fost angajat în noiembrie 1965 cu o leafă minimă la Centrul de logică unde mai fusese primit filozoful Anton Dumitriu, și el scăpat cu viață din temnița comunistă.

Note si comentarii marginale:
1. La punctul 41 al unei directive NKVD (precursorul KGB) din 1949 se preciza, după cinci ani de farse juridice cu verdictul dinainte stabilit de sovietici, că „trebuie împiedicată reabilitarea celor condamnați în procese politice. Iar dacă devine inevitabilă, reabilitarea se admite doar cu condiția ca acel caz să fie considerat o eroare judecătorească ; nu va avea loc reluarea procesului, pentru ca cei care au pricinuit eroarea să nu fie deranjați” (în rev. „Meridianul românesc”, SUA, 3 martie 2001, p.3). Despre academicienii și istoricii supuși regimului de exterminare din inchisoarea de la Sighetul Marmației se poate citi în cartea profesorului Nuțu Roșca, Închisoarea elitei românești (Baia Mare, Ed. Gutinul, 1998) de unde aflăm că rinocerizații regimului comunist scriau pe actele de deces ale celor uciși după gratii „persoană fără ocupație”. Iată câteva nume ale „dezocupaților” arestați de Securitatea înființată în 1948 de Ana Pauker, colonel sovietic: academician George Brătinu, decedat la 55 de ani după trei ani de temniță, doctor în litere la Sorbona, profesor de istorie universală, succesor al lui N. Iorga; acad. Alex. Lapedatu, decedat după trei luni de închisoare politică, din 1935 președinte al Academiei Române; acad. Ioan Lupaș, președinte al Secției Istorice a Academiei Române, descoperitorul actelor originale ale Unirii ortodocșilor cu papistașii, istoric sfătuit de Lucian Blaga să nu publice sub comuniști actele din care reiese înșelăciunea catolicilor; acad. Ion Nistor, fost rector al Universității din Cernăuți, unde era profesor de Istoria Românilor ; acad. Dumitru Caracostea, doctor în filologie romanică la Viena cu W. Meyer-Luebke, fost profesor universitar la catedra de Istorie literară și Folclor de la Universitatea din București, fost Președinte al Secției Literare a Academiei Române, deținut din 1950 până în 1955 la inchisoarea din Sighet fără a fi fost judecat și condamnat; filozoful academician Ion Petrovici specializat în Germania șI în Franța, fost profesor de logică și de istoria filozofiei la Universitatea din Iași, apoi la Universitatea din București, italienistul Alexandru Marcu, membru corespondent al Academiei purtat în lanțuri în închisoare împreună cu filozoful Mircea Vulcănescu, ambii omorâți după gratii ; poetul Adrian Maniu, membru corespondent al Academiei, publicat după ieșirea din temniță de poetul Mircea Ciobanu (vezi Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, Poet la vremea lui Ahab, https://isabelavs2.wordpress.com/articole/isabelavs-ciobanu10mirceapoezii/ ); istoricul basarabean Ion Pelivan care a făcut parte din Delegația României la Conferințele de pace de la Paris șI Geneva, decedat după patru ani de închisoare comunistă; istoricul Teofil Sauciuc-Săveanu, fost rector al Universității din CernăuțI unde a predat filologie clasică, doctor în filozofie șI litere la Viena, profesor de istorie antică șI epigrafie la Universitatea din București; acad. Radu Rosetti, istoric militar, fost director al Muzeului Militar șI apoi al Bibliotecii Academiei; acad. Silviu Dragomir (unchiul filozofului Alexandru Dragomir, vezi interviul refăcut șI adnotat de Isabela Vasiliu Scraba https://isabelavs2.wordpress.com/miscellanea/isabelavs-adnotat3-interviu-alxdragomir/ ), istoric cercetător al arhivelor austriece șI maghiare, fost profesor universitar, doctor în teologie șI istoric al bisericii; acad. George Fotino, eminent specialist în limbi clasice, fost decan șI profesor de istorie a dreptului românesc la Universitatea din București; istoricul Ștefan Meteș, membru corespondent al Academiei, fost director al Arhivelor Statului din 1922 până în 1947; istoricul Victor Papacostea, fost profesor la Facultatea de Litere șI Filozofie din București șI întemeietorul Institutului de Studii șI Cercetări Balcanice; Zenovie Pâclișanu, decedat în închisoarea din Sighetul Marmațiuei, membru corespondent al Academiei, autor de scrieri privitoare la istoria bisericească, fost profesor de teologie la Blaj (vezi Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba, Contextualizări. Elemente pentru o topologie a prezentului, Slobozia, Ed. Star Tipp, 2002, pp. 141-142, http://www.scribd.com/doc/130732402/IsabelaVasiliuScrabaContextualizari ).

2. Agenții Moscovei sunt numiți de Ion Varlam „membrii oligarhiei coloniale sovietice”. Ei apar descriși de istoricul și politologul format în capitala Franței ca „membrii nomenclaturii explicit însărcinați de Kremlin cu sovietizarea românilor” la care adaugă familiile acestora și clientela lor politică. În România după 1944 ar fi venit circa douăsutedemii de sovietici de varii etnii cărora li s-a schimbat identitatea dându-li-se nume românești.

Agenții responsabili cu rinocerizarea ar fi fost în comunism „strategii terorii intelectuale” și ar constitui „și astăzi clasa dominantă din România, elita de substituție…Nu este o minoritate etnică ci o minoritate imperială, de tipul celei pe care o alcătuiau până în secolul XIX ienicerii, necondițional ascultători față de stăpân, care se asigură de fidelitatea lor prin situația privilegiată pe care le-o oferă sau le-o îngăduie să și-o creeze după bunul plac”
(Pseudoromânia, 2004, p.67).

AUTOARE : Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba
Cuvinte cheie : „elita de substituție”, „corespondența lui E.Tape”, „istorici burghezi întemnițati”, „Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba”, „rinocerizarea istoricilor comuniști”.

Sursa https://isabelavs2.wordpress.com/isabelavs-rinocerizarea/

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Poetry in Translation (CCCLXXXIV): Mikhail LERMONTOV (1814-1841) RUSSIA: “The Sail”, “Pânzele Albe”

February 14th, 2016 · Books, Famous People, International Media, PEOPLE, Poetry, quotations, Translations

Poetry in Translation (CCCLXXXIV): Ivan LERMONTOV (1814-1841) RUSSIA: “The Sail”, “Pânzele Albe”

Lermontov

Lermontov

The Sail
Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841)

A lonely sail is flashing white
Amidst the blue mist of the sea!…
What does it seek in foreign lands?
What did it leave behind at home?..

Waves heave, wind whistles,
The mast, it bends and creaks…
Alas, it seeks not happiness
Nor happiness does it escape!

Below, a current azure bright,
Above, a golden ray of sun…
Rebellious, it seeks out a storm
As if in storms it could find peace!

Source credit: http://lyricstranslate.com/en/beleet-parus-odinokii-beleet-parus-odinokii-sail.html

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Pânzele Albe
Mikhail Lermontov (1814-1841)

O barcă cu pânze, sclipeşte în valuri,
Când marea albastră luceşte în zori.
Mă-ntreb, ea ce cată pe ţărmuri străine?
Mă-ntreb, oare-acasă, lăsat-a vre-un dor?

Furtuna loveşte în valuri cu bice.
Catargul înclină acum mai vârtos.
Când vântul mă-mpinge în neagra gheenă,
Mă-ntreb, Mântuirea-mi va fi de folos?

Când în albastrul, de-azur, orizont
Soarele-apare aşa minunat,
Oare de ce m-a împins a mea soartă
Spre mii de primejdii să fi înfruntat?

Rendered in Romanian by Constantin ROMAN,
© 2016 Copyright Constantin ROMAN, London

* * * * * * *

SHORT BIO: Mikhail Lermontov (1814 –  1841) a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called “the poet of the Caucasus”, the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin‘s death in 1837 and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism. His influence on later Russian literature is still felt in modern times, not only through his poetry, but also through his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel (apud Wikipedia).

FOOTNOTE: I remember Lermontov’s poem from my early education in Romania, during the twilight of Stalinist dictatorship. Teaching of Russian was compulsory and a daily staple diet in schools. Yet deep down, for me, as a child, Russian was the language of the Oppressor, force-feeding us on an alien staple diet. Still, during these times of dark memory, Lermontov’s poem, “The Sail” was a solitary, if an unlikely, breeze of fresh air.

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Poetry in Translation (CCCLXXXIII): Sophia PARNOK (1885-1933) RUSSIA: “Today I do not want you”, “Astăzi nu vă vreau”

February 12th, 2016 · Books, Famous People, History, International Media, PEOPLE, Poetry, quotations, Translations

Poetry in Translation (CCCLXXXIII): Sophia PARNOK (1885-1933), RUSSIA: “Today I do not want you”, “Astăzi nu vă vreau”

Sophia Parnok

Sophia Parnok

Sophia PARNOK
(1885-1933)

Today I do not want you

No, today I do not want you,
Memory, so just hold your tongue,
You vainglorious procuress,
Don’t procure me anyone.

Don’t seduce me down dark alleys,
To the places left behind –
To the bold or to the timid
Lips I’ve kissed so many times.

Sacrilegiously inspired,
I have ploughed my heart soil up, –
Rooting out the names of lovers
From my sacred calendars.

(From ”Other Poems”, 1919, published posthumously)
Translated by Diana Lewis Burgin

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Sophia PARNOK
(1885-1933)

Astăzi nu vă vreau

Nu, astăzi nu vă vreau, gânduri cernite.
Voi visuri, fiţi un pic mai potolite.
Codoaşe tristă, de trufie îmbătată,
Nu vreau să-mi mai oferi, nici când, vre-o fată.

Nu mă-mbia să merg pe căi de noapte,
Spre locuri ce-am lăsat demult departe.
Celui mult prea timid, sau prea adept
De sânuri, ce demult am strâns la piept.

Ce-am profanat, cândva, pe drum sălbatic,
Am îngropat adânc în pieptul meu…
Să nu mai pomenesc, nicicând, vre-un praznic,
De oameni ce-au uitat de Dumnezeu.

Rendered in Romanian by Constantin ROMAN,
© 2016 Copyright Constantin ROMAN, London

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The Russian Sapho

The Russian Sapho

SHORT BIO: The only self-identified, openly lesbian Russian poet, Sophia PARNOK had a relationship with poet Marina Tsvetaeva *), with whom she became involved in a passionate love affair that left important imprints on the poetry of both women. First book of verse, ‘Poems’, appeared shortly before she and Tsvetaeva broke up in 1916. The lyrics presented the first, non-decadent, lesbian-desiring subject ever to be heard in a book of Russian poetry. One of her masterpieces is considered the dramatic poem and libretto for Alexander Spendiarov’s 4-act opera ‘Anast’.

*) see: Poetry in Translation (CCCLXXXII): Marina TSVETAEVA (1892-1941) RUSSIA: “A kiss on the forehead”, “Sărut pe frunte”

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